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The concept of precast (also
known as "prefabricated" ) construction includes those buildings
where the majority of structural components are standardized and produced in plants
in a location away from the building, and then transported to the site for
assembly. These components are manufactured by industrial methods based on mass
production in order to build a large number of buildings in a short time at low
cost. The main features of this construction process are as follows:
1.The division and specialization
of the human workforce
2.The use of tools, machinery and
other equipment, usually automated, in the production of standard,
interchangeable parts and products
This type of construction
requires a restructuring of the entire conventional construction process to
enable interaction between the design phase and production planning in order to
improve and speed up the construction. One of the key premises for achieving that
objective is to design buildings with a regular configuration in plan and
elevation.
Urban residential buildings of
this type are usually five to ten stories high. Many countries used various
precast building systems during the second half of the 20th century to provide
low-income housing for the growing urban population. They were very popular
after the Second World War, especially in Eastern European countries and former
Soviet Union republics. In the former Soviet Union, different precast buildings
systems are denoted as "Seria". Whereas in Romania they are called "Sectiunea."
In general, precast building systems are more economical when compared to conventional multifamily residential construction (apartment buildings) in many countries.
